Editorial Standards

Our Methodology & Sources

Every Shield Apps analysis is grounded in authoritative federal guidelines and official state statutes. We cite specific sources so you can independently verify every claim.

HUD Guidelines
IRS Publications
State Statutes
FTC Rules
Verification Process

Our Verification Process

All Shield Apps analysis is grounded in authoritative federal guidelines and official state statutes. We cite specific regulatory sources so users can independently verify every claim and calculation.

Primary Source Citations

Every legal claim references specific federal regulations (HUD, IRS, FTC) or official state codes.

Depreciation Calculations

Useful life calculations follow HUD Handbook 4350.1 and IRS Publication 527 schedules.

State-Specific Accuracy

State law citations are verified against current official state codes and statutes.

Regular Updates

Content is reviewed when relevant regulations or state laws are updated.

Last reviewed: January 18, 2026

Federal Authorities

Authoritative Sources

Our analysis methodology is built on these official federal publications and regulations.

HUD Handbook 4350.1

HUD Handbook 4350.1 - Multifamily Asset Management and Project Servicing

Establishes useful life standards for rental property components including paint (3 years), carpet (5-7 years), and appliances.

Source:U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development

Key Provisions

  • Interior paint useful life: 3 years
  • Carpet useful life: 5-7 years
  • Normal wear and tear definitions
  • Depreciation schedules for rental properties
View Official Source

HUD MAP Guide Appendix 5C

HUD Multifamily Accelerated Processing (MAP) Guide - Appendix 5C

Provides detailed expected useful life (EUL) schedules for building components in multifamily housing.

Source:U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development

Key Provisions

  • Carpet EUL: 5 years
  • Vinyl flooring EUL: 10 years
  • Appliance EUL: 10-15 years
  • HVAC systems EUL: 15-20 years
View Official Source

IRS Publication 527

IRS Publication 527 - Residential Rental Property

Provides depreciation schedules for rental property components, establishing authoritative useful life standards.

Source:Internal Revenue Service

Key Provisions

  • Appliances depreciation: 5-7 years
  • Carpet and flooring: 5 years
  • Furniture: 7 years
  • Property improvements: varies by type
View Official Source

FTC CARS Rule

FTC Combating Auto Retail Scams (CARS) Rule

Federal rule requiring clear disclosure of vehicle prices and optional add-on products.

Source:Federal Trade Commission

Key Provisions

  • Prohibition on junk fees
  • Clear disclosure requirements
  • Add-on product transparency
  • Consumer consent requirements
View Official Source

Regulation M (12 CFR Part 1013)

Consumer Leasing Act - Regulation M

Federal regulation governing consumer vehicle leases, including disclosure requirements and excess wear standards.

Source:Consumer Financial Protection Bureau

Key Provisions

  • Lease disclosure requirements
  • Excess wear and tear standards
  • End-of-lease charge limitations
  • Consumer rights at lease termination
View Official Source
Analysis Methods

How We Analyze Each Case

Each Shield Apps tool follows a structured methodology tailored to its specific legal domain.

Security Deposit Analysis

Federal Guidelines, State-Specific Application

Our security deposit analysis methodology applies federal depreciation standards from HUD and IRS guidelines to evaluate landlord deduction claims. Each charge is assessed against established useful life schedules to determine whether deductions exceed what federal guidelines permit.

State-specific statutes (return deadlines, itemization requirements, penalties) are cited from official state codes.

Analysis Process

1
Extract Claimed Charges

Parse landlord itemization to identify each deduction with amounts and categories.

2
Apply Federal Depreciation Standards

Calculate remaining value using HUD 4350.1 and IRS Pub 527 useful life schedules.

3
Assess Evidence Against Standards

Evaluate photographic evidence against normal wear definitions from HUD guidelines.

4
Generate Statutory Citations

Compile relevant federal guidelines and state-specific statutes for each contested charge.

HOA Violation Analysis

Procedural Compliance Review

Our HOA violation analysis focuses on procedural compliance—whether the HOA followed required notice, hearing, and enforcement procedures under state law. Many violations can be contested based on procedural defects alone.

All citations reference official state HOA statutes (e.g., California Civil Code §4000 et seq., Florida Statute Chapter 720).

Analysis Process

1
Identify State Governing Law

Determine applicable HOA statute (Davis-Stirling, Chapter 720, etc.) based on property location.

2
Review Notice Requirements

Verify HOA provided required advance notice (typically 10-30 days) before imposing fines.

3
Assess Hearing Rights

Confirm whether homeowner was offered required hearing opportunity before fine assessment.

4
Check Fine Limitations

Compare fines against state-mandated caps and escalation limits.

F&I Product Cancellation Analysis

State Consumer Protection Laws

Our dealer add-on analysis applies state-specific cancellation rights and refund requirements for F&I products. Most extended warranties, GAP insurance, and add-on products are cancellable by law with pro-rata refunds.

State citations include specific consumer protection codes (e.g., California Civil Code 1794.41, Wisconsin Admin. Code ATCP 139).

Analysis Process

1
Identify Product Type

Classify F&I product (extended warranty, GAP, service contract) to determine applicable regulations.

2
Apply State Cancellation Rights

Reference state-specific free-look periods, cancellation procedures, and refund deadlines.

3
Calculate Pro-Rata Refund

Determine refund amount based on unused time/mileage per state requirements.

4
Generate Cancellation Letter

Produce compliant cancellation request citing applicable state laws and FTC CARS Rule.

Lease-End Charge Analysis

Industry Standards & Federal Regulation

Our lease-end analysis applies industry-standard wear guidelines (such as the "credit card test") and Federal Regulation M requirements to evaluate excess wear charges at lease termination.

Manufacturer wear guides (BMW, Mercedes, Toyota, etc.) are referenced for brand-specific thresholds.

Analysis Process

1
Review Inspection Report

Analyze lessor inspection findings against manufacturer wear guidelines.

2
Apply Industry Standards

Compare damage claims against accepted thresholds (credit card test, 6-foot visibility rule).

3
Verify Regulation M Compliance

Ensure charges comply with federal disclosure and limitation requirements.

4
Generate Dispute Letter

Produce dispute citing specific wear guide thresholds and federal regulations.

GAP Insurance Refund Analysis

Pro-Rata Refund Requirements

Our GAP refund analysis applies state insurance regulations requiring pro-rata refunds when GAP coverage is cancelled before the coverage period ends.

State insurance commissioner regulations govern GAP refund requirements by state.

Analysis Process

1
Verify GAP Product Type

Determine if GAP is insurance-regulated or dealer waiver product.

2
Calculate Unused Coverage

Determine remaining coverage period or mileage for refund calculation.

3
Apply State Refund Requirements

Reference state-specific refund timelines and calculation methods.

4
Generate Refund Request

Produce compliant refund request citing applicable state insurance regulations.

Ready to Put Federal Guidelines to Work?

Our analysis tools apply these authoritative sources to your specific situation, generating citation-backed dispute letters.